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Virginia Whiskey / Blog

School to prison pipeline

"School-to-prison pipeline" is a phrase that describes a set of policies and practices that push young people out of public schools and into the criminal justice system. It is a kind of shorthand that activists use to refer to the places where schools are linked to the merciless tendrils of the U.S. prison system. For most attending and working at urban schools serving black and Latino communities, the federal call for "teacher effectiveness" couldn't be a bigger distraction from what's really going on.

The teachers I know are an extraordinary bunch, and I'm not talking about their teaching skills (although they are outstanding pedagogues). The teacher members I work with at Teachers Unite are politicized: They understand how oppression plays out in the communities they work in, and they seek ways to undo the injustices that low-income people are facing. I've heard a couple of teachers voice concern that the term "school-to-prison pipeline" contributes to the rhetoric that blames teachers for the failures of the public education system. They argue that structural racism and an unjust economic system need to be looked at to understand why schools rarely help kids get out of poverty. They might be more amenable to the term "cradle-to-prison pipeline," a term coined by Marian Wright Edelman that attempts to describe the countless forces lined up against people of color living in poverty in this country.

Music of Virginia

Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands. The origin of music from within the state is also diverse, including cities such as Richmond, college towns such as Charlottesville and Fredericksburg, and rural areas.

Contents [hide] 1 Notable music artists from Virginia by genre 1.1 Blues 1.2 Country/Bluegrass 1.3 Pop/rock/heavy metal 1.4 Urban 1.5 Other/multi 2 Music venues and institutions 3 Music festivals 3.1 Blue Ridge mountain music 4 Country music 5 Hardcore punk and heavy metal 6 Notes 7 References

Notable music artists from Virginia by genre [edit] One of Virginia's most famous musical contributions is the country singer Patsy Cline. Several towns claim her as their own, including Gore and Winchester. Winchester is home to several Patsy Cline attractions, including a driving tour published by the local Chamber of Commerce, and the Kurtz Cultural Center/Old Town Visitor's Center, which shows various Cline memorabilia.[1] Jim & Jesse McReynolds and the Virginia Boys, Ralph Stanley, Hobart Smith, The Statler Brothers, and The Carter Family are award winning bluegrass and country music musicians from Virginia. Ella Fitzgerald and Pearl Bailey were both from Newport News. Hip hop and rhythm and blues acts like Missy Elliott, Timbaland, The Neptunes, and Clipse hail from the commonwealth. The Neptunes produced 43% of all songs on American radio in 2003.[2] Singer-songwriters from Virginia include Jason Mraz and jam bands like the Pat McGee Band and Dave Matthews Band, who continue their strong charitable connection to Charlottesville, Virginia.[3] Influential stage-rock group GWAR as well as heavy metal group Lamb of God began at Virginia Commonwealth University. Alternative Rock group Seven Mary Three formed at The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg. Now witness Virginia Whiskey's contribution!!!!!!

HISTORY OF HIP HOP

History of Hip Hop

Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with backing beats. Hip hop music is part of culture, which began in the Bronx, New York City in the 1970s, predominantly among African Americans and Latinos. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop music.

Rapping, also referred to as MC-ing or emceeing, is a vocal style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat, recently, however, a difference has developed between "rapping" and "MC-ing". "MC-ing" has been used to describe those artists who possess and exercise superior lyrical ability and prowess. "Rapping" in recent years has become a pejorative term used to describe those artists who focus less on lyrical talent and ability, and has been used to characterize many of the mainstream artists of today. Beats are traditionally generated from portions of other songs by a DJ, or sampled from portions of other songs by a producer, though synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands are also used, especially in newer music. Rappers may perform poetry which they have written ahead of time, or improvise rhymes on the spot with or without a beat. Though rap is usually an integral component of hip hop music, DJs sometimes perform and record alone, and many instrumental acts are also defined as hip hop.

Hip hop arose in New York City when DJs began isolating the percussion break from funk, or rock songs for audiences to dance to. The role of the MC was originally to introduce the DJ and the music, and to keep the audience excited. The MC would speak between songs, giving exhortations to dance, greetings to audience members, jokes and anecdotes. Eventually, this practice became more stylized, and came to be known as rapping. By 1979, hip hop had become a commercially recorded music genre, and began to enter the American mainstream. It also began its spread across the world. In the 1990s, a form called gangsta rap became a major part of American music, causing significant controversy over lyrics which were perceived by some as promoting violence, promiscuity, drug use and misogyny. Nevertheless, hip hop continued to increase in popularity, and by the year 2000, it was a staple of popular music charts.